This report, part of WSUP’s Urban Sanitation Research Initiative, explores the background to the urban sanitation sector in Kenya. Summary of findings: Kenya is one of Africa’s top 10 economies, experiencing strong urban growth amid deep institutional and governance reforms. A minority of urban residents use improved sanitation facilities as per the JMP definition, while […]
This report, part of WSUP’s Urban Sanitation Research Initiative, explores the background to the urban sanitation sector in Ghana. Summary of findings: Ghana is a fast-growing economy that has made notable progress in reducing poverty. Urban infrastructure has not kept pace with cities’ expansion and high levels of rural-urban migration. Only a fraction of urban […]
This report, an output of WSUP’s Urban Sanitation Research Initiative, explores the background to the urban sanitation sector in Bangladesh. Summary of findings: Bangladesh is a lower middle-income country with high ambitions, but poor infrastructure in urban areas is holding back economic growth. Onsite sanitation is the norm; transport and treatment services for sewage and […]
Aims To assess how selected County Governments have allocated funds to the water and sanitation sector from FY 2014/15 to 2017/18, and what areas these funds cover, providing evidence that can highlight patterns in allocations, prioritise budget expenditure, and encourage departments to effectively and efficiently improve service delivery. Findings Weak linkages remain between policy, planning, […]
Aims To assess how Bangladeshi City Corporations (specifically Dhaka North, Chittagong and Rangpur) deliver sanitation services to their citizens and how the external environment and long-term, operational and short-term factors influence City Corporations’ capacity to plan, finance, design and implement sustainable sanitation services. Findings Despite Bangladesh’s achievement of eradicating open defecation, access to improved sanitation […]
What is innovation and where does it come from? It’s not just about good ideas – after all, when it comes to international development, plenty of strong concepts don’t translate into widespread sector change or (crucially) improve the situations of those we are trying to help. Truly innovative ideas are those that transform into workable […]
Aims To build towards better understanding of pro-poor sanitation investment practice, and to (potentially) lay the foundation for possible future research around sanitation investment planning in low-income contexts in Bangladesh, Ghana and Kenya. Findings The proposed model uses a “source-pathway-receptor” approach: it considers release of pathogens into the environment, transport in the environment, and eventual […]
Aims Based on detailed literature reviews and interviews with key stakeholders, this project aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the urban sanitation landscape in Bangladesh, Ghana and Kenya. This could then be used to inform WSUP’s future research on key issues facing the sector in each of these countries and identify opportunities to influence […]
Findings Conventional sewer systems are the most expensive urban sanitation solution, followed by systems based on septic tanks, ventilated improved pits (VIP), urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDT), then pour-flush pit latrines. Simplified sewer systems may cost less than both conventional sewer systems and septic tank-based systems. Next steps Cost reporting methodologies are inconsistent, and few studies […]
Aims To build towards improved enforcement of municipal regulations that require landlords in Ghanaian cities to provide acceptable sanitation facilities for tenants, and to increase market demand for sanitation services (toilet construction, septic tank emptying). Findings Nearly half of landlords are unaware of the existence of such by-laws. Most tenants (93%) who are aware of […]
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